Chen Shih-Yu
National Taiwan Normal University Graduate Institute of Sustainability Management and Environmental Education Student
E-mail：joshua861119@gmail.com
Chang Tzu-Chau
National Taiwan Normal University Graduate Institute of Sustainability Management and Environmental Education Professor Emeritus
E-mail：tcchang@ntnu.edu.tw
Shih-Jang Hsu
National Dong Hwa University Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Professor
E-mail：sjhsu@gms.ndhu.edu.tw
Abstract
This study examines how different multimedia elements (pictures, videos, subtitles, and narration) affect college students’ bird identification skills, a key competency in citizen science. Based on the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, a quasi-experimental design was used to divide participants into three groups: picture with subtitle, video with subtitle, and video with narration. Pre- and post-test results indicated that while all three instructional formats significantly improved learning outcomes, there were no significant differences among the groups.
Keywords：Multimedia learning, bird identification, citizen science, picture, subtitle, video, narration